1) The concept of sovereignty refers to the supreme authority and power of a state to govern itself, make decisions, and control its own territory without interference from external forces.

2) The Industrial Revolution led to significant urbanization, as people migrated from rural areas to cities in search of employment in factories.

3) The speed of light is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.

4) The term "bull market" refers to a period of rising stock prices, while a "bear market" refers to a period of falling stock prices.