1) The Sahara Desert, located in North Africa, is the largest hot desert in the world, covering an area of about 9.2 million square kilometers (3.6 million square miles). It is characterized by vast stretches of sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and extreme temperatures.

2) The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth, covering more than 30% of the planet's surface.

3) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

4) The game of rugby originated at Rugby School in England and has since evolved into different versions, including Rugby Union and Rugby League.