1) The intensity of cyclones is often measured using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which categorizes them based on their sustained wind speeds.

2) The European Union (EU) is a supranational organization comprising 27 member states that cooperate on various issues, including trade, economic integration, and common policies, while preserving individual national sovereignty.

3) The oldest known musical instrument is a flute made from a bird bone, estimated to be around 43,000 years old.

4) The word "bank" comes from the Italian word "banco," which means bench. In medieval Italy, bankers conducted their business on benches in the marketplace.