1) Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it through elected representatives. It allows for political participation, freedom of speech, and protection of individual rights and liberties.

2) The largest known dinosaur, Argentinosaurus, weighed around 70-100 tons and measured up to 100 feet in length.

3) The world's oldest university, Al-Qarawiyyin, was founded in 859 AD and is located in Fez, Morocco.

4) The game of basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 and has since grown into a global sport played at both amateur and professional levels.